Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases in dogs. It develops when plaque, a combination of bacteria and food particles, combines with saliva and minerals to form a hard substance, called calculus, on the surface of the teeth. Calculus formation takes only about 48 hours to develop and cannot be brushed away. The calculus causes gum irritation, which is followed by inflammation of the gums, called gingivitis, an infection of the gums. Gingivitis is signaled by a reddening of the gums and is the early stage of periodontal disease. After a time, the calculus buildup causes spaces to form between the teeth and gums. The spaces encourage bacterial growth, which results in irreversible bone loss and a chronic bacterial contamination of the dog's bloodstream. The end result is damage to the kidneys, liver, heart valves and heart muscle.
*Daily or every other day brushing of your dog's teeth: Brushing your dog's teeth daily prevents about 80 percent of tartar accumulation. Buy a dog's toothbrush, which is softer than a human's toothbrush and is specially angled. Use a finger brush for a dog less than 30 pounds and a longer-handled brush for a bigger dog. Only use dog toothpaste, which has an agreeable flavor and will not irritate the dog's stomach like human toothpaste could. Kneel or sit in front of or to the side of your dog to reduce his anxiety. Acclimate your dog to dental care slowly, perhaps over several days, by first rubbing your finger over his gums and teeth. Let your dog lick the dog toothpaste from your finger. If he doesn't like it, try a different flavor. Lift the dog's upper lip and brush the teeth at a 45-degree angle to clean and massage the gums. Brush gently in small circles. There may be slight bleeding, which is okay, but consult a vet if there is heavy bleeding, which could indicate too vigorous brushing or the development of gum disease. Progressively increase the brushing time and amount of teeth being cleaned until a total time of about two minutes is reached. If your dog does not tolerate the use of a toothbrush, you may use a medical gauze square wrapped around your index finger with some dog toothpaste to polish the teeth and massage the gums. The most critical area is between the teeth and mouth tissue on the outside of the canines and the back teeth where most of the plaque collects. Remember to keep the brushing routine, lighthearted and offer verbal affirmation while you give dental care to your dog.
*Gels And Rinses: If tooth brushing is not possible, the next best option is the daily use of a gel or rinse. Two recommended types are: Maxiguard, a tasteless cleaning gel which is applied to the gums and used to repair tissues and freshen the dog's breath; Chlorhexadine Oral Rinse, a mild bacteriostatic rinse that reduces plaque and freshens breath. These dental products will prevent about 60 percent of plaque formation if used daily.
*Wax Sealants: The treatment, OraVet, is effective for preventing about 50 percent of tartar accumulation. It is applied to clean, dry teeth immediately following professional cleaning by the vet. (Or, it can be done during anesthesia for neutering or spaying.)
*Chews, Treats And Food: The following edible products are effective to reduce tartar by about 40 percent: Enzydent Chews, Greenies for Dogs, Science Diet T/D and Oral Care, all Eukanuba and Iams brand dry foods.
*Tips For Consistent Dental Care: (1) Feed mainly dry dog food, larger kibbles preferred. Offer treats like Greenies, CET Chews or tartar-control food. (2) Inspect your dog's mouth regularly for signs of tartar or inflammation that could indicate the start of gum disease. Use a dental scraper or your fingernail to crack off calculus scale from the teeth. If You Have Any Dental Care Questions: Call your vet.